[教學] Call and response

在爵士樂中，即興是很重要的部分，好的爵士樂手也是以即興能力作為指標。即興可以分為兩個部分，第一個是即興主奏，另一個是即興伴奏。在即興橋段時由主奏樂手領導主要的旋律，同時伴奏樂手根據主奏樂手的旋律做即興伴奏。

Improvisation is a very important part in Jazz music. The ability to improvise is also a criterion to judge a jazz player. Improvisation could separate into two parts, lead and comping. In the improvisation bridge, the main melody is created by the lead player, and the other players comp based on the melody.

而「call and response 」則是在即興橋段中以主奏與伴奏的互動，進而讓歌曲產生張力與整體感的一種方式。這個方式源自於爵士樂的根源藍調，這裡舉出一個藍調 call and response 的例子，B.B. King - Everyday I Have The Blues。
"Call and response" is a way to make a song be tension and entirety, which is the interaction between lead and comping player in improvisation bridge. The way is from the Blues, which is the one of root of Jazz. Here is a example of "Call and response" in Blues, B.B. King - Everyday I Have The Blues.

0:16~0:18 歌手唱 (call) -> 0:19~0:21 吉他回應, 鋼琴回應 (response)

0:21~0:24 歌手唱 (call) -> 0:24~0:26 吉他回應, 鋼琴回應 (response)

......

1:42~2:12 吉他與管樂互相呼應; Interaction between guitar and wind.

另外再以爵士樂舉個例子，因為出現的地方非常多，這裡只舉出兩個地方，Wynton Kelly Trio (Wes Montgomery) - No Blues。

Then, listen to another example in Jazz. I point only two places although it appears in many places

Wynton Kelly Trio (Wes Montgomery) No Blues.

Motif A - 1:21～1:34

1:21 吉他手丟出樂句 (call)
         Guitarist throw a lick (call)

1:23 丟出第二次
         Guitarist throw 2nd time

1:26 丟出第三次, 鼓手回應
         Guitarist throw 3rd time, drummer response

1:28 丟出第四次, 鼓手回應
         Guitarist throw 4th time, drummer response

1:30 丟出第五次, 鼓手回應, 鋼琴手回應

         Guitarist throw 4th time, drummer response, pianist response
1:33 丟出第六次, 鼓手回應, 鋼琴手回應
         Guitarist throw 4th time, drummer response, pianist response

Motif B - 2:34～2:44 

2:34 吉他手丟出樂句 (call)
         Guitarist throw a lick (call)

2:36 丟出第二次
         Guitarist throw 2nd time

2:37 丟出第三次, 鋼琴手回應
         Guitarist throw 3rd time, pianist response

2:38 丟出第四次, 鋼琴手回應
         Guitarist throw 4th time, pianist response

2:39 丟出第五次, 鋼琴手回應
         Guitarist throw 5th time, pianist response

2:41 丟出第六次, 鋼琴手回應
         Guitarist throw 6th time, pianist response

2:42 丟出第七次, 鋼琴手回應, 鼓手回應
         Guitarist throw 7th time, pianist response, drummer response

2:43 丟出第八次, 鋼琴手回應, 鼓手回應
         Guitarist throw 8th time, pianist response, drummer response

最後以我很喜歡的一首歌作為結束， Larry Carlton - Room335。
Finally, listen to the song I love very much as the end, Larry Carlton - Room335.

可以聽聽看，裡面也有很多與管樂手 call and response 的地方。

There are also many interactions between Larry and wind players.